1. Shift from Globalization to Regionalization
For decades, globalization dominated economic growth through free trade and global supply chains.
Recent disruptions like pandemics, wars, and trade tensions have exposed vulnerabilities.
Countries are now focusing on regional trade blocs (ASEAN, EU, USMCA) rather than global dependence.
“Near-shoring” and “friend-shoring” are replacing offshoring to distant low-cost nations.
This shift improves resilience but increases production costs and inflationary pressures.
2. Geopolitical Realignment of Economic Power
The world is moving from a unipolar to a multipolar economic structure.
The US remains dominant, but China, India, and emerging economies are gaining influence.
Economic alliances are increasingly shaped by political alignment rather than efficiency.
Sanctions, tariffs, and trade barriers are now key economic tools.
Global institutions…
